Red light therapy (technically Low-Level Laser Therapy, or LLLT) uses a specific wavelength of light — 650nm — that penetrates your scalp and reaches your hair follicles. There, it activates an enzyme called cytochrome c oxidase, which boosts ATP (cellular energy) production in follicle cells.
More ATP = more cellular activity = follicles that were dormant restart the growth phase and produce thicker hair shafts.